91例抗精神病类药物中毒回顾性分析

Class Retrospective Analysis of 91 Patients with Antipsychotic Poisoning

关键词:  抗精神病类药物中毒  回顾性调查  综合分析

Key words:  antipsychotic poisoning  retrospective investigation  comprehensive analysis

摘要:

目的 分析抗精神病类药物中毒的常见原因、症状、治疗及防范措施。方法 采用回顾性调查方法，对我院2000年1月—2009年12月收治住院的91例抗精神病类药物中毒的病例进行临床分析。结果 引起抗精神病类药物中毒的常见原因：自杀55例(占60.44%)，用药不当21例(占23.08%)，误服15例(占16.48%)全是儿童。主要临床表现包括呕吐、意识障碍、低血压、椎体外系反应、低体温等。治疗措施包括洗胃、催吐、导泻、输液、利尿、维持血压、镇静、兴奋呼吸中枢等对症治疗。治愈64例(70.33%)，好转27例(29.67%)。结论 自杀、用药不当、误服是抗精神病类药物中毒的主要原因，表现为中枢神经系统障碍和心血管系统异常等，治疗措施为阻止吸收、促进排泄及对症治疗等，防范措施包括加强心理疏导、提高对精神疾病的认识并妥善保管药物。

Abstract:

OBJECTIVE To study the common cause, symptoms, treatment and preventive measures of antipsychotic poisoning. METHODS A retrospective investigation method was used to study the 91 patients with antipsychotic poisoning. These patients were admitted to our hospital from January 2000 to December 2009 in clinical. RESULTS The common causes of antipsychotic poisoning were: suicide(55 cases, accounting for 60.44%), inappropriate medication(21 cases, accounting for 23.08%), and accidentally intaking medicine(15 pediatric cases, accounting for 16.48%). The main clinical manifestations included vomiting, unconsciousness, hypotension, extrapyramidal system response and low body temperature, and so on. Treatment measures included gastric lavage, inducing vomiting, catharsis, fluid infusion, diuretic, maintaining blood pressure, sedation, stimulating respiratory center and other symptomatic treatment. There were 64(accounting for 70.33%) patients who were cured, and 27(29.67%) patients improved. CONCLUSION Suicide, inappropriate medication and accidentally intaking medicine are the main reasons for antipsychotic poisoning. Central nervous system disorders and cardiovascular abnormalities are the main clinical manifestations. The therapeutic measures include preventing the absorption, promoting excretion and symptomatic treatment. The preventive measures include strengthening psychological counseling, improving awareness of mental illness and keeping drugs properly.