黄花蒿不同发育期和不同分枝青蒿素含量和产量的动态变化

Dynamic Changes on Artemisinin Contents and Yields of Artemisia annua in Different Developmental Stages and Different Level Branches

关键词:  黄花蒿  青蒿素  收获期  取样期

Key words:  Artemisia annua  artemisinin  harvest period  sampling time

摘要:

目的 为黄花蒿最佳收获期和品种选育过程中最佳取样期的确定提供依据。方法 任选黄花蒿15株，分别于营养生长后期、花芽分化期、盛蕾期和开花期剪取枝条，测定青蒿素含量。每次取样时，割取同一发育时期的黄花蒿10株，测定收获物的产量。另外，分别于花芽分化期和盛蕾期割取黄花蒿5株，测定1级、2级、3级分枝收获物的产量和青蒿素含量。结果 从营养生长后期到开花期收获物的青蒿素含量逐步降低。收获物和青蒿素的产量由高到低依次为：盛蕾期＞花芽分化期＞开花期＞营养生长后期。同一单株不同发育期青蒿素含量存在显著正相关(r = 0.494 4~0.791 1)。在花芽分化期和盛蕾期，各级分枝的青蒿素产量由高到低依次为：第3级分枝＞第2级分枝＞第1级分枝。结论 第三级分枝充分发育的现蕾期为最佳收获期；在育种中，营养生长后期为最佳取样期。

Abstract:

OBJECTIVE To determine the optimal harvest period of Artemisia annua as well as the optimal sampling time in its breeding. METHODS The banches of A.annua were cut in late vegetative stage, flower bud differentiation stage, full bud stage and flowering stage respectively from 15 plants randomly selected, and artemisinin contents of their extracted parts were measured, while 10 plants were cut and their yields extracted parts were measured in every developmental stage. Otherwise, five plants were cut in flower bud differentiation stage and full bud stage, and the yields and artemisinin contents of extracted parts of their first, second, third level branchs were measured respectively. RESULTS Artemisinin contents of extracted parts decreased gradually from late vegetative stage to flowering stage. The yields of extracted parts and artemisinin were the highest at full bud stage, then at the stage of flower bud, the third at flowering stage and the lowest at late vegetative stage. There was a significant positive correlation among the artemisinin contents in the extracted parts at different stages of the same single plant(r=0.494 4-0.791 1). The artemisinin contents in the extracted parts of different level branches of the same single plant at flower bud differentiation and full bud stage had no obvious difference, but the yields of artemisinin of each level branches differed significantly, and were in the order of the third>the second>the first. CONCLUSION The optimal harvest time of A. annua is young bud stage when the leaves of the third level branches full spread and the optimal sampling time is at late vegetative stage in its breeding.