不同来源外泌体保存方法的研究进展

Research Progress on Preservation Methods of Exosomes from Different Sources

关键词:  外泌体  保存  温度  pH  蛋白质  RNA

Key words:  exosome  preserve  temperature  pH  protein  RNA

摘要:

外泌体是一类由各种类型的细胞分泌的直径为30~100 nm的细胞外囊泡。外泌体由脂质双分子层膜和膜相关蛋白组成，并含有胞质成分，如mRNA、miRNA和蛋白质。外泌体可以与靶细胞的膜结合或融合，从而将表面蛋白和胞质成分输送到细胞中。外泌体通过将其生物活性物质转移到远处的细胞，参与细胞间的通信，并被认为可以调节受体细胞中的基因和蛋白表达水平。细胞外泌体与许多应激条件，如缺氧、衰老和癌基因激活等有关。目前外泌体可以通过差异离心、过滤加离心、免疫亲和或排阻色谱、聚合物沉淀和微流体技术等方法从细胞培养基或体液中分离出来。但不同来源外泌体的保存条件尚未确定，保存条件对外泌体的稳定性及后续实验研究十分重要。基于此，本文就适宜外泌体保存条件的研究进展进行综述，为后续研究提供参考。

Abstract:

Exosomes are extracellular vesicles with a diameter of 30-100 nm secreted by various cell types. Exosomes are composed of lipid bilayer membranes and membrane-associated proteins, contain cytoplasmic components such as mRNA, miRNA, and proteins. Exosomes can bind to or fuse with the membrane of the target cell to transport surface proteins and cytoplasmic components into the cell. Exosomes participate in cell-to-cell communication by transferring their bioactive substances to distant cells and are thought to regulate gene and protein expression levels in recipient cells. Exosomes are involved in many stress conditions such as hypoxia, senescence and oncogene activation. Exosomes can be isolated from cell media or body fluids by differential centrifugation, filtration plus centrifugation, immunoaffinity or exclusion chromatography, polymer precipitation and microfluidic techniques. However, the preservation conditions of exosomes from different sources have not been determined, the stability of the preservation conditions and the subsequent experimental study of exosomes are very important. Based on this, this review summarized the research progress of suitable conditions for exosome preservation as follows to provide reference for the subsequent research.