聚合物胶束在动脉粥样硬化诊断和治疗中的应用进展

Application Progress of Polymeric Micelles for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Atherosclerosis

关键词:  动脉粥样硬化  胶束  治疗  诊断

Key words:  atherosclerosis  micelles  diagnosis  treatment

摘要:

随着人类疾病谱的变化，动脉粥样硬化在全世界范围内呈现高发态势。动脉粥样硬化性疾病及其所导致的其他疾病，如冠状动脉病、心绞痛、心脏病发作和中风等已成为人类主要的致死病因。目前，已有众多的研究者将纳米技术用于动脉粥样硬化的诊断和治疗中，以实现动脉粥样硬化病变部位的可视化、提高药物靶向治疗效果和延长药物体内循环时间等功效。在这些纳米技术中，聚合物胶束因其对药物的包封率高、制备方便、体内滞留时间长、生物相容性好等优点得到了广泛的应用。因此，本文综述了聚合物胶束在动脉粥样硬化中的成像技术及结合成像技术进行诊断的应用，并对胶束在靶向内皮细胞、巨噬细胞、斑块的纤维帽、氧化应激等治疗动脉粥样硬化的策略方面进行了总结，并提出了建议和展望。

Abstract:

With the change of the human disease spectrum, atherosclerosis shows a high incidence worldwide. Atherosclerosis diseases and other diseases caused by atherosclerosis, such as coronary artery disease, angina pectoris, heart attacks and stroke, have become the main cause of death in human beings. At present, numerous researchers have applied nanotechnology on the diagnosis and treatment of atherosclerosis, to realize visualization of atherosclerotic lesions, and enhance target efficacy and circulation time. Among these nanotechnologies, polymeric micelles have been used widely because of their high encapsulation efficiency of drugs, convenient fabrication, prolonged retention time and good biocompatibility. Therefore, this review summarized the imaging technology of polymer micelles in atherosclerosis and the application of imaging techniques in the diagnosis of atherosclerosis, and summarized the strategies of micelles in targeting endothelial cells, macrophages, the fibrous cap of plaques and oxidative stress in the treatment of atherosclerosis, proposed suggestions and perspectives.