基于晶体形态及微量元素含量的矿物类中药白石英产地差异性分析

Origin Difference Analysis of Chinese Traditional Mineral Quartz Based on Crystal Morphology and Trace Element Content

关键词:  白石英  矿物药  中药材  微量元素  晶体形态  电感耦合等离子体质谱  聚类分析  主成分分析

Key words:  quartz  mineral medicine  traditional Chinese medicinal materials  trace element  crystal morphology  inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP-MS)  clustering analysis  principal component analysis

摘要:

目的 对3个不同产地的矿物类中药白石英进行外观性状、晶体形态和微量元素含量研究，为白石英的加工炮制及药用提供实验依据。方法 通过对贵州省晴隆县大厂镇、贵州省册亨县丫他镇、广西壮族自治区田林县八渡乡境内3个不同产地的23个白石英样品应用显微镜、电感耦合等离子体质谱技术进行晶体结构及微量元素含量研究，并对微量元素含量应用OriginPro 2018版软件进行聚类分析和多变量主成分分析。结果 八渡地区的白石英以乳白色团块状和粗脉状为主，显微镜下以粒状为主且颗粒表面呈暗灰色；大厂地区白石英常和辉锑矿共生，部分白石英呈浅绿色，显微镜下白石英以脉状和细粒状为主且呈现出波状消光；丫他地区的白石英呈透明-半透明状且白石英颗粒自形程度高，白石英表面可见油脂光泽。白石英中较常见的微量元素有锂(Li)、铝(Al)、钛(Ti)、钒(V)、铬(Cr)、镍(Ni)、铜(Cu)、锌(Zn)、镓(Ga)、砷(As)、铷(Rb)、锶(Sr)、钇(Y)、锑(Sb)、钡(Ba)、铅(Pb)等。3个产地白石英的微量元素含量差异性较大，含量从低于仪器检测限到7 772.36 μg·g^-1不等，含量最高的为Al元素。大厂地区的白石英中Al、Sb元素含量明显高于其余两地，其中Al元素含量可达1 846.94~7 772.36 μg·g^-1。结论 不同地区所产白石英的外观性状、晶体形态、微量元素含量具有明显差异，同一地区的白石英在微量元素含量方面具有一定的内在联系，大厂地区的白石英因含有较高的神经毒性元素Al及重金属元素Sb，所以在使用该地区的白石英作为中药材来源时应慎重考虑。

Abstract:

OBIECTIVE To study the appearance characters, crystal morphology and trace element content of quartz from three different producing areas, in order to provide experimental basis for the processing and medicinal use of quartz. METHODS The crystal morphology and trace element contents of 23 quartz samples from Dachang Town, Qinglong County, Guizhou Province, Yata Town, Ceheng County, Guizhou Province and Badu Town, Tianlin County, Guangxi Zhuangzu Autonomous Region were studied by microscope and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. OriginPro 2018 software was used for cluster analysis and multivariate principal component analysis of trace elements. RESULTS The white quartz in Badu area was mainly opalescent and lumpy coarse veined. Under the microscope, the white quartz was mainly granular and its surface was dark gray. In Dachang area, white quartz was often symbiosis with stibnite, and part of white quartz was light green. Under the microscope, white quartz was mainly veined and granular, and presents wavy extinction. The white quartz in Yata area was transparent and translucent, and the white quartz particles had a high degree of self-shape, and the white quartz surface could be seen grease luster. The common trace elements in white quartz included lithium(Li), aluminum(Al), titanium(Ti), vanadium(V), chromium(Cr), nickel(Ni), copper(Cu), zinc(Zn), gallium(Ga), arsenic(As), rubidium(Rb), strontium(Sr), yttrium(Y), antimony(Sb), barium(Ba), lead(Pb) and so on. The contents of trace elements in quartz from the three producing areas vary greatly, with the content ranging from lower than the instrument detection limit to 7 772.36 μg·g^-1. The highest content was Al element. The contents of Al and Sb in white quartz from Dachang area were obviously higher than those in other areas, and the content of Al could reach 1 846.94-7 772.36 μg·g^-1. CONCLUSION White quartz from the different regions of the morphology, microstructure, trace elements have obvious difference, in the same area of white quartz in trace elements has certain inner link, white quartz of Dachang area because contain higher content of neurotoxic element Al and heavy metal element Sb, so in the use of white quartz in the region should be considered as a source of medicinal materials.