植物外泌体样纳米囊泡的研究进展

Research Progress of Plant Exosome-like Nanovesicles

关键词:  植物外泌体样纳米囊泡  提取分离  生物学功能  治疗分子递送  新兴纳米治疗技术

Key words:  plant exosome-like nanovesicles  extraction and separation  biological functions  therapeutic molecular delivery  new nano-therapy techniques

摘要:

植物外泌体样纳米囊泡（plant exocrine-like nano-vesicles，PELNs）是一种新兴的纳米治疗剂及传递平台，不但具有疾病治疗潜力，而且可以作为药物的载体靶向疾病位点，起到治疗递送双重作用，更重要的是PELNs具有绿色天然和低免疫原性等特点。本综述系统介绍了PELNs的外囊阳性细胞器、多囊泡体、液泡和自噬小体几种分泌机制；脂质、蛋白质和核酸3种组成成分；离心法、超滤法、尺寸排阻色谱法、流场-流分馏法、免疫磁珠法、聚合物沉淀法等分离方法及其抗炎、抗肿瘤、保护再生、抗病毒、保肝等生物学功能，整理了PELNs作为治疗剂及分子传递平台目前已发现的潜在机制，提出了PELNs研究过程中存在的产量化、机制研究及临床试验少等问题，并展望了其未来的发展潜力。

Abstract:

Plant exocrine-like nanovesicles(PELNs) is a new nano-therapeutic agent and delivery platform, which not only has the potential for disease treatment, but also can be used as a drug carrier to target disease sites and play a dual role in treatment and delivery. More importantly, PELNs has the characteristics of green nature and low immunogenicity. This review systematically introduced several secretory mechanisms of PELNs:Outer capsule positive organelle, polyvesicular body, vacuole and autophagosome; three components such as lipid, protein and nucleic acid; centrifugation, ultrafiltration, size exclusion chromatography, flow field-flow fractionation, immunomagnetic beads, polymer precipitation and other separation methods and their biological functions such as anti-inflammation, anti-tumor, protection of regeneration, antivirus, liver protection, etc.; sorted out the potential mechanism of PELNs as a therapeutic agent and molecular delivery platform, and put forward the problems existing in the research process of PELNs, such as quantification, mechanism research and few clinical trials. And its development potential in the future is discussed.