氧化石墨烯生物材料在经皮给药系统中的研究进展

Research Progress on Graphene Oxide Biomaterials in Transdermal Drug Delivery System

关键词:  氧化石墨烯  经皮给药  药物载体  促透皮吸收  抗菌材料  伤口敷料

Key words:  graphene oxide  transdermal drug delivery  drug carriers  promoting transdermal absorption  antibacterial materials  wound dressing

摘要:

氧化石墨烯含有丰富的含氧活性基团、巨大的比表面积和独特的离域π电子结构，是负载生物活性分子的理想平台。利用氧化石墨烯的电热效应可为提高活性分子的生物利用度提供安全有效的促透皮吸收途径；同时，它还具有生物相容性、抗菌抗炎活性、促伤口愈合活性以及远红外共振效应等生物活性，因此氧化石墨烯生物材料在经皮给药系统中发挥重要作用。文章介绍了氧化石墨烯的结构、理化性质和生物活性，概述了其在药物载体、抗菌材料和伤口敷料等经皮给药系统中的应用研究，并展望其在临床医学的应用前景，希望为氧化石墨烯的生物医用研究提供新的思路。

Abstract:

With the high-speed growing demands for biomedical materials, graphene oxide and its functional derivatives show broad application prospects in the system of drug delivery, tumor therapy and nanobiology. Graphene oxide(GO) has excellent hydrophilicity and easily modified surface properties, due to a large content of oxygen-containing functional groups on the GO surface. Meanwhile, the huge specific surface areas and unique π-electronic structures give GO adhesion and adsorption capacities. By means of π-π stacking, electrostatic interaction, hydrophobic interaction or covalent bonding, therapeutic agents can be effectively combined with GO to construct drug delivery systems. GO plays an important role in transdermal drug delivery systems due to their biocompatibility, antibacterial activity, and pro-wound healing activity. As a novel drug delivery system, GO nanomaterials can achieve targeted drug delivery, accumulate drug concentrations at the focal site, and improve drug delivery efficiency. Utilizing the promoting skin regeneration and wound healing properties of GO, several antibacterial materials and wound dressings are prepared for wound treatment. In addition, the special far-infrared resonance effect and electrothermal effect of GO result in heat and electric transfer. In other words, graphene oxide could control and promote transdermal absorption efficiency upon the stimuli of heat and electric. GO is expected to break through the limitation of low transdermal absorption rates in the transdermal drug delivery systems and achieve the purpose of enhancing the transdermal permeability of target molecules(especially macromolecules): ultimately improving bioavailability in vivo. This paper will introduce the structures, physicochemical properties, and biological activities of graphene oxide, summarize its application in transdermal drug delivery systems such as drug carriers, antibacterial materials, wound dressings and transdermal?enhancers, and prospect its application in clinical medicine. We hope to provide new ideas and different point of views for the biomedical research of graphene oxide and derivatives. GO will become a representative biomaterial in the field of precision medicine and play a key role in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases.