基于化学计量学分析的苦豆子质量评价方法的建立

Establishment of Quality Evaluation Method for Kudouzi Based on Chemometrics Analysis

关键词:  苦豆子  薄层鉴别  指纹图谱  含量测定  聚类分析  主成分分析  质量评价

Key words:  Sophora alopecuroides L.  TLC identification  fingerprint  content determination  cluster analysis  principal component analysis  quality evaluation

摘要:

目的 基于多种鉴别方法综合评价苦豆子的质量,建立较为全面的苦豆子质量评价方法。方法 参照中国药典通则,对苦豆子的水分、总灰分、酸不溶灰分、水溶性浸出物,重金属有害元素进行检测,采用薄层色谱(TLC)法,对苦豆子药材(苦参碱、氧化苦参碱、槐定碱为标志物)进行定性鉴别；采用高效色谱法,利用“中药色谱指纹图谱相似度评价系统”进行指纹图谱的研究,用SPSS 26软件进行化学计量学分析。结果 水分、总灰分、酸不溶灰分、水溶性浸出物,重金属有害元素结果均符合规定。薄层鉴别中药材供试品溶液与对照品在相应位置上显相同颜色的斑点,分离效果好；建立的指纹图谱共标定了13个共有峰,通过与对照品比对指认了苦参碱、槐果碱、氧化槐果碱、柚皮素、盐酸葫芦巴碱和水苏碱6个色谱峰。基于含量测定结果的聚类分析与主成分分析结果可将药材分为两大类。结论 所建立的综合分析方法稳定可靠,可为后续苦豆子药材的质量差异评价提供参考。

Abstract:

OBJECTIVE Based on multiple identification methods to comprehensively evaluate the quality of bitter bean seeds, establish a more comprehensive quality evaluation method for bitter bean seeds.METHODS Referring to the General Principles of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia, the water content, total ash content, acid insoluble ash content, water-soluble extracts, and heavy metal harmful elements of Kudouzi were detected. Thin layer chromatography (TLC) was used to qualitatively identify Kudouzi medicinal materials (matrine, oxymatrine, sophoridine as markers); Using high-performance chromatography and the "Similarity Evaluation System for Traditional Chinese Medicine Chromatographic Fingerprint", the fingerprint was studied, and chemometric analysis was conducted using SPSS 26 software.RESULTS The results of moisture, total ash, acid insoluble ash, water-soluble leachables, and harmful heavy metal elements all meet the requirements. Thin layer identification of Chinese herbal medicine shows spots of the same color on the corresponding positions of the test solution and the reference sample, resulting in good separation effect; The established fingerprint spectrum calibrated a total of 13 common peaks, and identified 6 chromatographic peaks, including matrine, sophocarpine, oxysophocarpine, naringin, cucurbitine hydrochloride, and stachydrine, through comparison with the reference substance. Based on the clustering analysis and principal component analysis results of content determination, medicinal materials can be divided into two categories. CONCLUSION The established comprehensive analysis method is stable and reliable, and can provide reference for the quality difference evaluation of Kudouzi medicinal herbs in the future.