新型眼部给药系统的研究进展

Advances in Novel Ocular Drug Delivery Systems

关键词:  眼部给药系统  纳米粒  脂质体  脂质纳米粒  原位凝胶

Key words:  ocular drug delivery systems  nanoparticles  liposomes  lipid nanoparticles  in situ gel

摘要:

传统眼用制剂在眼部的生物利用度较低，对眼部疾病难以达到满意的治疗效果，这主要是由于传统眼用制剂难以透过眼部众多的生理屏障、在眼部滞留时间较短所致。为了提高药物的眼部生物利用度，减轻药物对眼组织的不良反应，纳米粒、微球、原位凝胶等新型给药系统已被应用于眼用制剂，并且受到研究者的广泛关注。鉴于多种眼部给药系统的快速发展，本文对眼部给药系统的最新研究进展进行综述。首先，本文介绍了眼部结构及限制药物进入眼部的生理屏障；其次，对新型眼部给药系统分别进行介绍，主要包括纳米粒、脂质体、脂质纳米粒、微球、原位凝胶等；最后，着重讨论了眼部给药系统在临床治疗中的应用前景和亟待解决的问题。

Abstract:

The ocular bioavailability of traditional ophthalmic preparations is relatively low, and it is difficult to have a satisfactory therapeutic effect on ocular diseases, which is mainly due to the difficulty of traditional ophthalmic preparations to pass through many physiological barriers in the eye and the short residence time of the preparations in the eye. In order to improve the ocular bioavailability of drugs and reduce the adverse drug reaction to ocular tissues, some novel drug delivery systems, such as nanoparticles, microspheres, and in situ gels, have been employed to develop ophthalmic preparations, and have attracted increasing attention of researchers. In terms of the rapid development of ocular drug delivery systems, recent advances in ocular drug delivery systems are summarized in this paper. Firstly, ocular structure and physiological barriers which restrict drugs into the eye are introduced. Secondly, novel ocular drug delivery systems, including nanoparticles, liposomes, lipid nanoparticles, microspheres, and in situ gels are introduced. Finally, the future prospects and crucial problems of ocular drug delivery systems in clinical treatment are focused on.