南柴胡挥发油主要化学成分月桂醛的解热作用研究

Study on the Antipyretic Effect of Dodecanal, the Main Chemical Constituent of the Volatile Oils from Bupleurum scorzonerifolium Willd Roots

关键词:  南柴胡  挥发油  月桂醛  解热  细胞因子

Key words:  Bupleurum scorzonerifolium Willd  volatile oil  dodecanal  fever  cytokine

摘要:

目的 明确月桂醛是南柴胡挥发油的解热药效物质基础，并初步探讨其解热作用机制。方法 采用GC-MS法分析南柴胡挥发油的化学成分组成并测定月桂醛含量；采用干酵母致大鼠发热模型研究月桂醛对发热大鼠体温、血清大鼠白细胞介素-1β（IL-1β）、白细胞介素-6（IL-6）、肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）和下丘脑中环磷酸腺苷（cAMP）、精氨酸加压素（AVP）的含量水平的影响，并与南柴胡挥发油作比较，明确月桂醛的解热作用与机制。结果 从南柴胡挥发油中鉴定出31个化学成分，其中月桂醛的相对百分含量最高，达43.35%；月桂醛可显著降低发热大鼠体温，下调血清IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α和下丘脑cAMP、AVP水平 (P<0.01)，且解热作用与南柴胡挥发油相当。结论 月桂醛为南柴胡的解热药效物质基础，可能通过降低炎症因子水平和抑制下丘脑cAMP、AVP水平来发挥解热作用，解热药效与南柴胡挥发油相近，在治疗发热疾病方面具有较大的应用潜力。

Abstract:

OBJECTIVE It was clear that dodecanal was the antipyretic substance of volatile oils from Bupleurum scorzonerifolium Willd roots, and its antipyretic mechanism was preliminarily discussed. METHODS The chemical composition of volatile oils from B. scorzonerifolium roots was analyzed by GC-MS, and the content of dodecanal was determined. The effects of dodecanal on rectal temperature, the content of IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α in serum, and the content of AVP and cAMP in hypothalamus were studied in dry yeast induced febrile rats model. Meanwhile, the antipyretic effect of dodecanal was compared with volatile oils. These results can be used to clarify the antipyretic effect and mechanism of dodecanal. RESULTS A total of 31 compounds were detected from volatile oils. In all compounds, the relative percentage of dodecanal was the highest, reaching 43.35%. Dodecanal significantly decreased the rectal temperature and the content of IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, AVP and cAMP (P<0.01), and the antipyretic effect was similar to that of the volatile oils. CONCLUSION Dodecanal was the antipyretic substance of B. scorzonerifolium roots. It presented excellent antipyretic effect probably by reducing the levels of inflammatory factors in serum and the levels of cAMP and AVP in hypothalamus, and the antipyretic effect was almost equivalent to that of volatile oils from B. scorzonerifolium roots. These results showed that dodecanal had great application potential in the treatment of febrile diseases.