姬松茸活性物质抗肿瘤的研究进展

Research Advances in Antitumor Bioactive Compounds from Agaricus blazei Murrill

关键词:  姬松茸  活性物质  抗肿瘤机制  免疫调节  协同化疗

Key words:  Agaricus blazei Murill  bioactive compounds  antitumor mechanisms  immunomodulation  chemosensitization

摘要:

在肿瘤治疗研究领域，姬松茸（Agaricus blazei Murrill AbM）作为一种兼具食用与药用价值的珍贵食用菌，其抗肿瘤特性备受关注。目前，针对 AbM 抗肿瘤机制的系统性总结尚属空白。研究表明，AbM 的活性成分通过多靶点、多通路的协同作用实现抗肿瘤效应，包括诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡、阻滞细胞周期、抑制肿瘤血管生成及调节肿瘤免疫微环境等。在临床应用方面，AbM 提取物可与化疗药物协同作用，逆转肿瘤细胞的多药耐药性，减轻放化疗副作用，改善患者免疫功能及生活质量。但目前研究仍面临活性成分作用机制不明确、临床数据不足及生物利用度低等挑战。未来可结合纳米载体技术优化给药策略，开展高质量临床试验验证其安全性及有效性。本文旨在全面深入地对 AbM 所含多糖、甾醇、萜类以及多酚等活性物质的抗肿瘤机制进行系统梳理与综述，并对临床研究现状进行剖析，期望为 AbM 在肿瘤治疗领域的深入研究和临床应用提供有价值的理论依据和参考，助力肿瘤治疗事业的发展。

Abstract:

Agaricus blazei Murill, also known as the Brazilian mushroom, is a precious edible fungus that is widely cultivated artificially and has both edible and medicinal values. This strain is rich in various bioactive components, including polysaccharides, lipids, ergosterol, sterols, proteins, alkaloids, phenolic compounds, as well as various vitamins and amino acids, demonstrating multiple biological activities such as antioxidation, anti-inflammation, antibacterial properties, immune regulation, inhibition of tumor cell growth, and anti-diabetes effects. Therefore, the multiple bioactive components contained in Agaricus blazei may inhibit tumor migration and invasion by regulating cell signaling pathways, inhibiting tumor cell proliferation, inducing apoptosis, enhancing immune function, exerting detoxification and potentiating effects, and inhibiting tumor angiogenesis. This article aims to review the latest research progress on the anti-tumor effects and mechanisms of bioactive components in Agaricus blazei, with the expectation of providing a new theoretical basis and reference for its application in tumor treatment, thereby offering new ideas and directions for clinical anti-cancer therapy.