mRNA-LNP递送系统免疫激活机制的研究进展

孙婷; 朱嘉亮; 吴琦; 赵冬; 袁坤; 史瑞萌; 刘雪莉

引用本文:	孙婷,朱嘉亮,吴琦,赵冬,袁坤,史瑞萌,刘雪莉.mRNA-LNP递送系统免疫激活机制的研究进展[J].中国现代应用药学,2026,43(3):133-146.
	SUN Ting,ZHU Jialiang,WU Qi,ZHAO Dong,YUAN Kun,SHI Ruimeng,LIU Xueli.Recent Advances in Immune Activation Mechanisms ofmRNA-LNP Delivery Systems[J].Chin J Mod Appl Pharm(中国现代应用药学),2026,43(3):133-146.

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mRNA-LNP递送系统免疫激活机制的研究进展
孙婷¹, 朱嘉亮², 吴琦³, 赵冬⁴, 袁坤⁵, 史瑞萌⁶, 刘雪莉⁴
1.天津大学医学工程与转化医学研究院;2.中国食品药品检定研究院;3.天津大学海河医院;4.河北省药品医疗器械检验研究院;5.石家庄市中医院;6.河北医科大学

摘要:

mRNA疫苗是一种模拟天然mRNA结构与功能,将感兴趣基因导入体内,通过诱导机体免疫应答,从而预防和或治疗疾病的重组疫苗。以脂质纳米颗粒(lipid nanoparticles,LNP)为递送载体的mRNA疫苗有效性、安全性和生产效率大幅提升,同时保持mRNA疫苗的稳定性和提高疫苗的靶向性。mRNA-LNP递送技术近年在不同疾病治疗领域持续展现出创新成果,也因其独特的免疫激活机制面临多重技术难题和生物学挑战。不同的治疗靶点对mRNA疫苗的递送系统及方式有着不同的要求,递送系统与疫苗的免疫激活关联性和作用机制也成为疫苗不断优化设计的关键。本文主要汇总了mRNA-LNP递送系统疫苗免疫激活机制,拟为未来通过人工智能筛选靶向特定免疫节点的脂质组合或能定制化设计兼具高效性与安全性的下一代递送系统提供新思路和潜在解决方案。

关键词: mRNA-LNP递送系统免疫激活机制递送系统优化策略免疫治疗应用人工智能筛选

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分类号:

基金项目:河北省重点研发计划项目生物医药创新专项,项目名称：重组蛋白疫苗与mRNA疫苗的安全性控制技术与标准化研究,项目编号：23372403D

Recent Advances in Immune Activation Mechanisms ofmRNA-LNP Delivery Systems

SUN Ting¹, ZHU Jialiang², WU Qi³, ZHAO Dong⁴, YUAN Kun⁵, SHI Ruimeng⁶, LIU Xueli⁴

1.Institute of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine,Tianjin University;2.National Institutes for Food and Drug Control;3.Tianjin HAIHE hospital;4.Hebei Institute for Drug and Medical Device Control;5.Shijiazhuang hospital of traditional Chinese medicine,Shijiazhuang;6.Hebei medical university

Abstract:

An mRNA vaccine is a recombinant vaccine that mimics the structure and function of natural mRNA, introduces the gene of interest into the body, and prevents and or treats diseases by inducing an immune response. Using lipid nanoparticles (LNP) as delivery vehicles, the efficacy, safety and production efficiency of mRNA vaccines have been dramatically improved, while maintaining the stability of mRNA vaccines and improving the targeting of the vaccines. mRNA-LNP delivery technology has continuously demonstrated its innovative results in recent years in the therapeutic areas of different diseases, but also faces multiple technical difficulties and biological challenges due to its unique immune activation mechanism. The mRNA-LNP delivery technology is facing multiple technical and biological challenges. Different therapeutic targets have different requirements on the delivery system and mode of mRNA vaccines, and the correlation between the delivery system and the immune activation mechanism of the vaccine has become the key to optimize the design of vaccines. In this paper, we summarize the immune activation mechanisms of vaccines delivered by mRNA-LNP delivery systems, and propose to provide new ideas and potential solutions for the future screening of lipid combinations targeting specific immune nodes by artificial intelligence or customized design of the next-generation delivery systems with both high efficiency and safety.

Key words: mRNA-LNP delivery systems immune activation mechanisms delivery system optimization strategies immunotherapy applications AI-driven screening