中药调节变应性鼻炎Th1/Th2免疫平衡的作用及机制研究进展

Advances in the role and mechanism of Chinese medicines in regulating the Th1/Th2 immune balance in allergic rhinitis

关键词:  中药  Th1/Th2  变应性鼻炎  免疫平衡  信号通路

Key words:  Chinese medicine  Th1/Th2  allergic rhinitis  immune balance  signalling pathway

摘要:

变应性鼻炎（Allergic Rhinitis, AR）是一种常见的呼吸道疾病，是免疫系统对某些常见变应原产生过度的反应。在AR的发病机制中，其核心机制是Th2免疫应答过度活化，Th1相对抑制，最终导致其免疫失衡。西药在治疗AR过程中，具有高度依赖性，抗组胺药物有嗜睡等副作用，不适合长期使用。因此寻找安全、有效、低毒、经济以及多靶点、多途径的抗AR药物迫在眉睫。近年来中药活性成分及其复方通过介导不同信号通路抑制炎症细胞活化、减少细胞因子释放、促进免疫细胞正常分化来维持平衡，改善机体相关症状。笔者通过文献查阅与分析，系统总结了TLR4-NF-kB、TLR9/AP-1、JAK/STAT以及T-bet/GATA-3平衡等信号通路以及中药单体、提取物及复方调节Th1/Th2免疫平衡治疗AR的疗效和具体机制，为推动中医药在过敏性疾病治疗领域的广泛应用与深入发展奠定坚实而有力的基础，并为临床研究和药物研制提供新的思路。

Abstract:

Allergic Rhinitis (AR) is a common respiratory disease in which the immune system overreacts to certain common allergens. In the pathogenesis of AR, the core mechanism is the over-activation of Th2 immune response and the relative suppression of Th1, which ultimately leads to its immune imbalance. Western drugs are highly dependent in the treatment of AR, and antihistamines have side effects such as drowsiness, making them unsuitable for long-term use. Therefore it is urgent to find safe, effective, low-toxicity, economical as well as multi-target and multi-pathway anti-AR drugs. In recent years, active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicines and their complexes have been used to maintain homeostasis by mediating different signalling pathways to inhibit inflammatory cell activation, reduce cytokine release, and promote the normal differentiation of immune cells to improve the symptoms associated with the organism. Through literature review and analysis, the authors have systematically summarised the efficacy and specific mechanisms of TLR4-NF-kB, TLR9/AP-1, JAK/STAT, and T-bet/GATA-3 signaling pathways, as well as the efficacy and specific mechanisms of Chinese medicinal herbs' monomers, extracts, and combinations in regulating the balance of Th1/Th2 immunity in the treatment of AR to lay a solid and powerful foundation for promoting the widespread application and in-depth development of Chinese medicine in the field of allergy disease treatment. This study will lay a solid and powerful foundation for promoting the wide application and in-depth development of Chinese medicine in the treatment of allergic diseases, and provide new ideas for clinical research and drug development.