可注射水凝胶及生物医学应用的研究进展

Research Progress on Injectable Hydrogels and Their Biomedical Applications

关键词:  可注射水凝胶，生物医学应用，临床试验，质量评价，关键质量属性

Key words:  Injectable  hydrogels, Biomedical  applications, Clinical  trials, Quality  assessment, Critical  quality attributes

摘要:

水凝胶是一类具有三维网状结构的材料,由亲水性聚合物链在水中交联形成,具有广泛且可调节的物理和化学性质。水凝胶作为一种智能且多功能的材料,已在许多生物医学应用中展示出巨大潜力,包括药物递送、组织工程和再生医学等领域。然而,传统水凝胶在剂型和应用方式上常常存在一些局限性。可注射水凝胶因其独特的优势而引起了广泛关注,通常通过快速的溶胶-凝胶相转变或原位化学聚合形成。此外,这些水凝胶能够通过简单的注射器进行微创植入,将生物活性分子或细胞直接注射到靶位,从而实现药物的可控缓释、微创给药和精准递送等。本文综述了可注射水凝胶在生物医学应用中的最新研究进展,并展望了其在未来生物医学领域的潜力与局限性。

Abstract:

Hydrogels are a class of materials with a three-dimensional network structure formed by the crosslinking of hydrophilic polymer chains in water, possessing a wide range of tunable physical and chemical properties. Hydrogels, as intelligent and versatile materials, have demonstrated significant potential in various biomedical applications, including drug delivery, tissue engineering, and regenerative medicine. However, traditional hydrogels often face limitations in formulation and application methods. Injectable hydrogels have attracted extensive attention due to their unique advantages, typically formed through rapid sol-gel phase transitions or in situ chemical polymerization. Additionally, these hydrogels can be implanted minimally invasively via a simple syringe, allowing the direct injection of bioactive molecules or cells to the target site, thereby enabling controlled drug release, minimally invasive administration, and precise delivery. This review summarizes the latest research progress of injectable hydrogels in biomedical applications and discusses their potential and limitations in future biomedical fields.