线粒体靶向氧化剂在雄激素性脱发治疗中的研究进展

Research Progress of Mitochondrial Targeted Antioxidants in the Treatment of Androgenic Alopecia

关键词:  雄激素性脱发  靶向线粒体抗氧化剂  毛囊周期调控  氧化应激

Key words:  androgenetic alopecia  targeted mitochondrial antioxidant  regulation of hair follicle cycle  oxidative stress

摘要:

本文综述了靶向线粒体抗氧化剂治疗雄激素性脱发（Androgenetic Alopecia, AGA）的进展。AGA以毛囊微型化为核心特征，其机制涉及遗传、雄激素异常及线粒体功能障碍。二氢睾酮（Dihydrotestosterone, DHT）不仅通过雄激素受体激活，还诱导毛囊真皮乳头细胞过量产生活性氧（Reactive Oxygen Species, ROS），导致线粒体损伤与细胞衰老，最终破坏毛发生长周期。针对此，线粒体靶向抗氧化剂通过共价连接亲脂性阳离子基团精准富集于线粒体，中和ROS并维持能量稳态，主要类型包括以MitoQ为代表的泛醌类衍生物、靶向肽类抗氧化剂以及天然活性成分类线粒体靶向抗氧化剂。线粒体靶向抗氧化剂与多种前沿技术结合，在临床中广泛应用。其中MitoQ因其靶向性和抗氧化特性最具应用潜力。未来方向聚焦多靶点联合治疗、衰老细胞重编程技术恢复毛囊活力，以及类器官与基因编辑结合建立精准模型。该领域正从病理抑制转向微环境重塑，需进一步解析线粒体-细胞核信号交互网络，推动纳米递送与再生医学融合，最终有望实现AGA的个性化精准治疗。

Abstract:

This article reviews the progress of mitochondria-targeted antioxidants in the treatment of androgenetic alopecia (Androgenetic Alopecia, AGA). AGA is characterized by follicular miniaturization as its core feature, and its mechanism involves genetics, abnormal androgens, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Dihydrotestosterone (Dihydrotestosterone, DHT) not only activates via androgen receptors but also induces excessive production of reactive oxygen species (Reactive Oxygen Species, ROS) in dermal papilla cells of hair follicles. This leads to mitochondrial damage and cellular senescence, ultimately disrupting the hair growth cycle.In response to this, mitochondria-targeted antioxidants are covalently linked to lipophilic cationic groups, enabling them to be precisely enriched in mitochondria. They neutralize ROS and maintain energy homeostasis. The main types include ubiquinone derivatives represented by MitoQ, targeted peptide antioxidants, and mitochondria-targeted antioxidants derived from natural active ingredients.Mitochondria-targeted antioxidants, when combined with a variety of cutting-edge technologies, have been widely applied in clinical practice. Among them, MitoQ shows the greatest application potential due to its targeting ability and antioxidant properties. Future directions focus on multi-target combination therapy, senescent cell reprogramming technology to restore hair follicle vitality, and the establishment of precise models by combining organoids with gene editing.This field is shifting from pathological inhibition to microenvironment remodeling. Further analysis of the mitochondrial-nuclear signal interaction network is required, and the integration of nano-delivery systems with regenerative medicine should be promoted. Ultimately, this is expected to achieve personalized and precise treatment of AGA.