基于纳米金的肿瘤靶向给药系统的研究进展

Research Progress on Tumor-targeted Drug Delivery System Mediated by Gold Nanoparticles

关键词:  纳米金  表面修饰  肿瘤靶向递送  生物安全性

Key words:  gold nanoparticles  surface modification  tumor-targeted drug delivery  biosecurity

摘要:

化疗是目前临床癌症治疗的主要手段之一，主要通过静脉给药细胞毒药物，在杀伤肿瘤细胞的同时，往往会导致健康器官和组织的全身细胞毒性。最新研究表明，纳米金是一种高效的抗肿瘤药物载体，能够携带药物穿透血管和组织屏障进入肿瘤病灶，并特异性积蓄于肿瘤组织，有效降低化疗药物的机体不良反应。此外，金纳米粒子具有易修饰性，相比于其他纳米粒子，较易与多种化合物、蛋白、多肽、核酸等偶联，在肿瘤治疗、成像等方面具有独特的应用优势。本文综述了金纳米粒子在肿瘤靶向递送方向的最新研究进展，并阐述了其在表面修饰、靶向策略和生物安全性等方面的优势和不足。

Abstract:

Chemotherapy is one of the common ways for clinical cancer therapy. In most cases, patients are treated with chemotherapeutic drugs by intravenous injection. The cytotoxic drugs in bloodstream not only can be delivered to the tumor tissues, but also can spread to the whole body, and cause side effects. The latest research shows that gold nanoparticles is a highly effective anti-tumor drug carrier, which can carry drugs through blood vessels and tissue barriers into tumor lesions, and specifically accumulate in tumor tissues, effectively reducing the adverse effects of chemotherapy drugs in the body. In comparison with other nanomaterials, gold nano particles are easier to be modified with multiple compounds, proteins and nucleic acids, and possesses unique advantages for the application in tumor imaging and treatment. This paper summarizes the research progress on tumor-targeted drug delivery induced by gold nanoparticles, and elaborated the merits and demerits of gold nanoparticles in surface modification, targeting strategies and biosecurity.