TRPA1离子通道及其功能研究进展

Research Progress of TRPA1 Ion Channel and Its Function

关键词:  瞬时受体电位A1  传感器  炎症  疼痛  治疗靶点  机制研究

Key words:  TRPA1  sensor  inflammation  pain  therapeutic target  mechanism research

摘要:

瞬时受体电位A1（transient receptor potential A1，TRPA1）通道是一种表达于感觉神经末端的非选择性阳离子通道，对Ca²⁺具有较好的通透性，在神经和非神经细胞中广泛分布。TRPA1离子通道可被内源性炎症介质（如缓激肽、胰蛋白酶等）和外源性有害刺激（如冷、热、刺激性化合物等）激活，参与急慢性疼痛和炎症的产生，其功能受多种因素的调节，充当温度、化学和机械刺激的传感器，具有介导炎症、疼痛刺激等生物学效应，在化学伤害性反应中起重要作用，这使得TRPA1成为抗炎与镇痛相关疾病治疗的主要靶点。文章就近几年来TRPA1离子通道的分子结构、生物学特性以及与相关疾病的关系等方面的研究进展作一综述，以期为TRPA1受体靶点药物的筛选及机制研究提供基础依据。

Abstract:

Transient receptor potential A1(TRPA1) channel is a non-selective cation channel expressed at the end of the sensory nerve. It has good permeability to Ca²⁺ and is widely distributed in nerve and non-nerve cells. TRPA1 ion channel can be activated by endogenous inflammatory mediators (such as bradykinin, trypsin, etc.) and exogenous harmful stimuli (such as cold, heat, irritant compounds, etc.) to participate in the production of acute and chronic pain and inflammation. Its function is regulated by many factors, acts as a sensor for temperature, chemical and mechanical stimulation, mediates biological effects such as inflammation and pain stimulation, and plays an important role in chemical nociceptive reactions. This makes TRPA1 a major target for the treatment of diseases related to anti-inflammation and analgesia. The purpose of this article is to review the molecular structure and biological characteristics of TRPA1 ion channel and its relationship with related diseases in recent years, in order to provide a basic basis for the screening and mechanism of TRPA1 receptor target drugs.