眼部给药系统的研究进展

Research progress on ophthalmic drug delivery systems

关键词:  眼  纳米载药系统  原位凝胶  植入剂  角膜接触镜

Key words:  ocular  nano drug delivery system  in situ gels  implant  contact lenses

摘要:

由于眼部特殊的生理结构与诸多屏障的存在，传统的眼用制剂存在生物利用度低、眼内保留时间短以及刺激性强等问题，常常难以达到预期治疗效果。近年来，各种新技术如纳米技术、植入技术、接触镜片的研究和应用，使得眼部给药有了长足的发展。其中纳米材料具有尺寸小、可降解、靶向性强以及对生物组织刺激性小等特点，多种纳米载体如聚合物胶束、纳米粒、纳米混悬液、脂质体与纳米乳等，已被广泛用于眼部给药系统。目前以上多种新技术在眼部给药系统中显示出良好的应用前景。笔者就近年来这方面的研究与应用作一综述，以期为眼部给药系统的研发提供参考。

Abstract:

Due to the special physiological structure and the existence of barriers, traditional ocular preparations having some disadvantages of low bioavailability, short retention time and strong irritation in ocular, are difficult to achieve target treatment effect. Recently, with the application of various new technology, such as nano preparations, implants and contact lenses, et al, ocular drug delivery systems have made a great progress. Nanomaterials including polymeric micelles, nanoparticles, nanosuspensions, liposomes and nanoemulsions, etc, have been widely used for ocular drug delivery system, because they have the characteristics of small size, degradability, strong targeting and little irritation to biological tissues. Currently, the above new technologies have shown good application prospects in ocular drug delivery systems. In this paper, the development in these areas in recent years are reviewed in order to provide reference for the development of ocular drug delivery systems.