基于“KAP”理论对河南地区儿童监护人用药安全风险的调查研究

Investigation and Research on the Risks of Drug Safety of Child Guardians in Henan Based on “KAP” Theory

关键词:  用药风险  知识-态度-行为  问卷调查  影响因素

Key words:  medication risk  knowledge-attitude-practice  questionnaire investigation  influential factors

摘要:

目的 调查河南地区儿童监护人用药知识、态度、行为（knowledge-attitudes-practices，KAP）现状，分析儿童家庭用药过程中存在的潜在风险及主要影响因素，为河南地区儿童监护人安全用药科普干预内容和方法的设置提供建议。方法 通过“问卷星”线上调查法对河南地区儿童监护人的基本信息、用药KAP情况进行问卷调查，分析受访者用药KAP现状及风险点，并采用单因素方差分析、多重线性回归探讨其影响因素。结果 共收集有效问卷579份，纳入分析575份。儿童监护人用药知识、态度和行为的平均得分分别为（64.97±26.35），（36.18±13.51），（59.20±12.23）分，用药知识、行为整体评分“良好”，用药态度评分“及格”。多重线性回归结果显示，影响儿童监护人用药知识的主要因素是受教育程度；影响用药态度的主要因素是居住地；用药行为主要受性别、受教育程度及不同职业的影响。且知识、态度与行为三者之间存在明显相关性。结论 河南地区儿童监护人对安全用药知识的了解度较高，获取态度良好，但实际用药行为中仍存在一定的安全隐患，对特殊人群（如男性、农村居民、低学历）仍需进一步加强用药教育，并针对不同职业特点的人群开展合理的宣教形式。

Abstract:

OBJECTIVE To investigate the current situation of medication knowledge, attitude and behavior (knowledge-attitudes-practices, KAP) of children's guardians guardians in Henan, analyze the potential risks and main influencing factors in the process of family medication for children, and to provide suggestions for setting the contents and methods of safe drug popularization intervention for children's guardians in Henan. METHODS The basic information of children's guardians in Henan and the medication use of KAP were investigated by using the online survey method of "Questionnaire Star". The status quo and risk points of drug use of KAP were analyzed, and the influencing factors were discussed by one-way analysis of variance and multiple linear regression. RESULTS A total of 579 valid questionnaires were collected and 575 were included in the analysis. The average scores of medication knowledge, attitude and behavior of children guardians were (64.97±26.35), (36.18±13.51), (59.20±12.23) points, the overall score of medication knowledge and behavior was "good", and the medication attitude score was "pass". The results of multiple linear regression showed that the education level was the main factor affecting the knowledge of medication of the guardians of children; the main factors affecting medication attitudes were residence; the behavior of drug use was mainly affected by gender, education level and different occupation. And there is a obvious correlation between knowledge, attitude, and behavior. CONCLUSION The guardians of children in Henan have a high degree of understanding of safe medication knowledge and a good attitude towards obtaining it. However, there are still certain potential safety risks in actual medication behaviors. Special populations(such as male, rural residents and low degree) still need to further strengthen medical education, and according to the characteristics of the different professional people to carry out rational form of education.