我院305 例儿童药品不良反应报告分析

Analysis of 305 Cases of Children's ADR Reports in Our Hospital

关键词:  药品不良反应  儿童  改进措施

Key words:  adverse drug reaction  children  improvement measures

摘要:

目的 探讨笔者所在医院儿童药品不良反应(adverse drug reaction，ADR)监测工作中存在的问题及改进措施。方法 采用回顾性分析法，对笔者所在医院2010—2011年上报的305 例ADR报告，按照报告类型，患儿年龄、性别、体重，药品种类、给药途径，临床表现等方面进行统计分析。结果 305 例ADR报告中，患儿的平均年龄为(3.16±2.91)岁，平均体质量为(14.56±8.00)kg，男女比例为1.88∶1，0～3岁患儿占53.44%；新的和严重的ADR占16.39%；引发ADR最多的是抗微生物药，占75.30%；最主要的给药方式是静脉滴注，占95.08%；ADR累及器官或系统中皮肤及其附件与消化系统占80.24%；严重的ADR中46.67%发生在用药4 d后。结论 为做好儿童ADR监测工作，医院必须增加必要的设施，制定切实可行的管理办法，强化科室内部管理，加强培训，提高医师和护士上报ADR的积极性，改变医师的用药习惯，增强医师和护士对儿童心理及行为的了解。

Abstract:

OBJECTIVE To investigate the problems and improvement measures in the children ADR monitoring in our hospital. METHODS Retrospective study was used to analyze 305 cases of ADR reports statistically in 2010-2011, in accordance with the type of report and children's age, gender, weight, as well as drug types, routes of administration, clinical manifestation etc. RESULTS In the 305 cases of ADR reports, the children's average age was (3.16±2.91)years, the average weight was (14.56±8.00)kg, the ratio of male to female was 1.88∶1, children of 0-3 years old accounted for 53.44%; new and severe ADR accounted for 16.39%; most of the ADR was caused by antimicrobial drugs, which accounted for 75.30%; intravenous infusion, the main route of administration, accounted for 95.08%; ADR involving the skin and its appendages as well as digestive system accounted for 80.24%; 46.67% of severe ADR occurred in the medication after 4 d. CONCLUSION In order to do a good job in children ADR monitoring, the necessary facilities must be increased, and practical and feasible management methods must be performed to strengthen the internal management of departments, strengthen training, improve the enthusiasm of the doctors and nurses to report ADR, change the prescription habits of doctors, enhance the understanding on children's psychological and behavior by doctors and nurses.