玫瑰干花精油提取方法比较研究

Comparative Study of Extraction Methods of Rose Flower Essential Oil

关键词:  玫瑰干花  水蒸气蒸馏法  气相色谱-质谱法  玫瑰精油

Key words:  dried rose flowers  steam distillation  GC-MS  rose essential oil

摘要:

目的 对比研究玫瑰精油3种提取方法，探讨所得玫瑰干花精油化学成分的变化。方法 料液比为1∶8，加5%氯化钠溶液静置4 h，蒸馏时间为3 h，分别用蒸馏萃取同步法、溶剂萃取分离法、二次蒸馏法得到玫瑰干花精油，应用GC-MS定性分析其化学成分。结果 蒸馏萃取同步法和二次蒸馏法各鉴定出22种化合物，溶剂萃取分离法鉴定出5种化合物，三者的化学成分中既有共同组分，也存在一定的差异性。结论 先加正己烷的蒸馏萃取同步法可以克服油水分离困难，有利于提升水蒸气法的精油回收。

Abstract:

OBJECTIVE To study on three methods for extraction of rose flower essential oil, to investigate the changes of the chemical constituents. METHODS The conditions were: solid to liquid ratio 1∶8, adding 5% concentration of sodium chloride and standing for 4 h, distillation for 3 h. Rose essential oil were isolated using simultaneous distillation and extraction method, solvent extraction separation method and secondary distillation method, respectively. The chemical compositions were analyzed using GC-MS. RESULTS The 22 components were identified by simultaneous distillation and extraction method and secondary distillation method, respectively; 5 components were identified by solvent extraction separation method, the essential oils obtained by three methods contained common components and also showed differences. CONCLUSION The method of adding hexane before distillation can overcome the difficulty of oil-water separation, which is beneficial to the recovery of oil via steam distillation.