纳米二氧化钛神经毒性及其机制的研究进展

Toxicity of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles in Central Nervous System and the Molecular Mechanisms Involved

关键词:  纳米二氧化钛  神经毒性  炎症  氧化应激  凋亡

Key words:  titanium dioxide nanoparticles  neurotoxicity  inflammation  oxidative stress  apoptosis

摘要:

纳米二氧化钛（TiO₂ NPs）作为一种新型纳米材料，已成为多个领域的研究热点。随着在日常生活中接触TiO₂ NPs愈发容易，TiO₂ NPs的毒性也逐渐受到关注。TiO₂ NPs能够通过血脑屏障进入脑内并蓄积，引起脑组织、神经细胞的损伤，影响情感与认知，降低学习记忆能力。本文对近年来TiO₂ NPs引起的体内外神经毒性，以及其毒性机制如氧化应激、炎症反应、凋亡等的研究现状进行综述，旨在丰富TiO₂ NPs的毒性研究数据库，为其日常安全使用提供科学依据。

Abstract:

Titanium dioxide nanoparticles(TiO₂ NPs) possess unique characteristics and have found many practical applications in industry and daily life. A wide use of TiO₂ NPs raises the question about their safety to the environment, humans and biota. Once exposed to TiO₂ NPs, they could be absorbed and easily enter the body, cross blood-brain barrier and then accumulated in the brain regions, especially in the cortex and hippocampus, leading to dysfunctions of central nerve system. In vivo and in vitro studies have demonstrated that the morphology and function of glial or neuronal cells could be damaged by TiO₂ NPs. It is summarized the previous studies that the neurotoxic mechanisms mainly consist of oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, genotoxicity, and autophagy. Meanwhile, other factors such as disrupted signaling pathways, depleted neurotransmitters and direct impaired cell components have also been seen in neurotoxicity of TiO₂ NPs. In short, this review aims at understanding the potential neural risks of TiO₂ NPs fully and improving its bio-safety for applications in the near future.