土壤处理对白术连作障碍的调控效应研究

Effects of Soil Treatment on Continuous Cropping Obstacles in Atractylodes Macrocephala

关键词:  白术  连作障碍  调控  白术内酯Ⅰ  白术内酯Ⅲ

Key words:  Atractylodes macrocephala  continuous cropping obstacle  regulation  atractylenolide I  atractylenolide Ⅲ

摘要:

目的 研究土壤处理措施对白术连作障碍的调控效应。方法 以石灰氮、石灰、商品生物菌肥、蚕沙发酵肥等处理连作土壤，以存苗率、株高、蓬径和产量等指标考察不同处理措施的效果，并用HPLC分析处理后白术药材中白术内酯Ⅰ和Ⅲ的含量。结果 施用石灰氮、蚕沙发酵肥和生物菌肥等措施，能不同程度增加连作白术的存苗率，增加幅度为106.98%~219.49%；也能不同程度增加白术的株高，增加幅度为33.48%~52.01%，且施石灰氮处理后的株高表现均优于未施石灰氮处理；蓬径表现与株高类似；上述措施均能增加白术药材鲜产量，增产幅度为180.70%~429.82%，且不施用石灰氮处理的产量均优于施用石灰氮处理，可能原因是施用石灰氮后土壤含氮量过高，引起植株地上部分旺长。白术内酯Ⅰ和Ⅲ的总含量以"石灰0.20 kg·m^-2+蚕沙发酵肥+生物菌肥1.50 kg"处理最高。结论 连作种植前，用熟石灰中和土壤酸性，结合施用蚕沙发酵有机肥或商品生物菌肥，能有效提高白术存苗率，降低发病率，提高药材产量和质量，一定程度上缓解了白术连作障碍。

Abstract:

OBJECTIVE To study the regulation effects of soil treatments on continuous cropping obstacle in Atractylodes macrocephala.METHODS The effects of soil treatment were studied with calcium cyanamide, lime, biofertilizer and silkworm fementation, by investigating the seedling survival rate, plant height, crown width and output, and determining the content of atractylenolide Ⅰ and Ⅲ by HPLC.RESULTS Lime nitrogen, Silkworm excrement ferment fertilizer and biological fertilizer could improve the survival rate of continuous cropping of Atractylodes macrocephala by 106.98% to 219.49% in varying degrees, also could enhance the plant height of Atractylodes macrocephala with different degree by 33.48%-52.01%. And the plant height in lime nitrogen group were always higher than that in no-lime-nitrogen group. The crown width was similar to plant height. The yield of Atractylodes macrocephala was increased by 180.70%-429.82%, and the yield was higher than that of lime nitrogen without application of lime nitrogen. The possible reason was that the nitrogen content in the soil was too high after the application of calcium cyanamide, resulting the plant height vigorous growth.CONCLUSION Before continuous cropping, using slaked lime to neutralizing sold acidity, then fertilizing silkworm fementation or biofertilizer can increase seedling survival rate, reduce the incidence rate and improve the medicinal material yield and quality effectively, so as to alleviate the continuous cropping obstacle of Atractylodes macrocephala to a certain extent.