皮层下缺血性白质损伤后少突胶质细胞损伤与再生机制

Mechanisms of Injury and Regeneration of Oligodendrocyte in Subcortical Ischemic White-matter Injury

关键词:  皮层下缺血性血管疾病  少突胶质细胞  脱髓鞘  髓鞘再生

Key words:  subcortical ischemic vascular disease  oligodendrocyte  demyelination  remyelination

摘要:

少突胶质细胞是构成脑白质的最主要细胞之一。在生理情况下，它们包绕轴突，并为轴突提供营养与支持作用。然而缺血后，少突胶质细胞损伤、发生脱髓鞘会导致白质功能失调，最终导致认知功能进展性损害。本文综述了缺血引起的少突胶质细胞损伤的重要因素以及影响髓鞘再生过程的重要分子和相关通路，以期为皮层下缺血性白质损伤后保护白质功能完整性以及长期神经功能恢复寻找有效的治疗靶点。

Abstract:

Oligodendrocytes are one of the major cells in cerebral white matter. Under physiological conditions, they form myelin sheaths that encircle axons and give them nutrition and support. However, under conditions of ischemia, oligodendrocytes tend to damage and demyelination happens, which may induce white matter dysfunction and cognitive deficits at last. This review provides an overview of the major causes of the oligodendrocyte cell death following ischemia and the molecules and relative pathways of the remyelination process. Thus hope to provide effective therapeutic targets to restore white matter integrity and promote long term neurological recovery in subcortical ischemic white matter injury.