疫苗皮内接种技术的研究进展

Advances in the intradermal vaccination

关键词:  疫苗  皮内接种  微针  基因枪

Key words:  intradermal  vaccination  microneedle  gene gun

摘要:

接种疫苗是防治传染病最为有效的解决办法，而接种方式则是免疫成功的关键因素。皮肤富含抗原递呈细胞，尤其是朗格汉斯细胞，是疫苗理想的接种位置。然而，传统的注射器在皮内接种方面有着诸多限制，比如操作难度大、患者顺应性差以及对环境潜在的污染风险等。近年来，随着经皮给药系统的深入研究，一系列新型的皮内接种技术及装置得到了大力的开发。本文综述了目前疫苗接种的方式及现状，介绍了皮内接种的优势，重点阐述了微针、激光、基因枪等新技术及其在皮内接种方面的研究进展。

Abstract:

Vaccination is the most effective solution to fighting against infectious diseases. The method of inoculation is the key factor for successful immunization. Skin is the ideal inoculation site for vaccines because of the huge amounts of antigen-presenting cells especially Langerhans cells. However, conventional syringes have many limitations in intradermal inoculation, such as the high difficulty in operation, poor patient compliance, and potential contamination risks to the environment. In recent years, with the in-depth study of transdermal drug delivery systems, a series of new intradermal inoculation techniques and devices have also been vigorously developed. In this review, we summarize the current methods and status of vaccination, introduce the advantages of intradermal vaccination, and focus on new technologies such as microneedle, laser, and gene gun, as well as their application research progress in intradermal vaccination.