中药外用熏洗(浴)剂的应用现状及特点分析

Application Status and Characteristic Analysis of Fumigant (Bath) Agent for External Use in Traditional Chinese Medicine

关键词:  熏洗(浴)剂  应用现状  中药外治

Key words:  fumigant (bath) agent  application status  external treatment of traditional Chinese medicine

摘要:

目的 归纳临床上熏洗（浴）剂的应用现状，为中药熏洗（浴）剂临床应用提供理论指导，为中药熏洗（浴）剂应用规范的建立提供参考，促进中药外治的发展。方法 在CNKI上以"熏洗"为主题，检索2018-2019年的所有文献，收录临床研究文献，共334篇，归纳熏洗（浴）剂治疗的疾病分类、熏洗（浴）剂的应用特点、药液的制备方法、药物应用特点、熏洗温度、熏洗时间、熏洗频率、注意事项及不良反应等。结果 熏洗（浴）剂在骨伤科疾病中应用最为广泛；88.0%的文献将中药直接加水煎煮制备药液；坐浴法的药液温度（36~40℃）普遍低于其他熏洗疗法（38~45℃），坐浴法的熏洗时间（10~20 min）普遍低于其他熏洗疗法（20~30 min）；在应用频率方面，治疗肛肠科疾病、骨伤科疾病多为每天2次，其他疾病则以每天1次最为普遍。结论 熏洗（浴）剂在临床上应用广泛，疗效确切，在中医外治中占有重要地位，值得推广。但在应用过程中主观性较强，各环节也缺少统一的标准，阻碍中药外治的进一步发展。因此，对熏洗（浴）剂应用的规范化、标准化是今后的发展方向，也是中药外治的必然趋势。

Abstract:

OBJECTIVE To summarize the application status of fumigation (bath) agent in clinical practice, in order to provide theoretical guidance for the clinical application of fumigation (bath) agent of traditional Chinese medicine, provide reference for the establishment of application standard of fumigation (bath) agent of traditional Chinese medicine, and promote the development of external treatment of traditional Chinese medicine. METHODS With the theme of "fumigation and washing", all literatures from 2018 to 2019 were searched on CNKI, and a total of 334 clinical research literatures were included. The classification of diseases treated with fumigation (bath) agent, application characteristics of fumigation (bath) agent, preparation method of pharmaceutical solution, characteristics of drug appilcation, temperature, time, frequency, matters needing attention and adverse reactions were summarized. RESULTS Fumigant (bath) agent was widely used in orthopaedic diseases. In 88.0% of the literatures, traditional Chinese medicine was decocted with water to prepare liquid medicine. Sit bath liquid temperature (36-40℃) was generally lower than that of other fumigation therapy (38-45℃), sitz bath method of fumigation time (10-20 min) was generally lower than that of other fumigation therapy (20-30 min). In terms of application frequency, anorectal diseases and orthopaedic diseases were mostly treated twice a day, while other diseases were most commonly treated once a day. CONCLUSION Fumigation (bath) agent are widely used in clinical practice, with definite curative effect. They occupy an important position in external treatment of Chinese medicine and are worthy of promotion. However, in the application process, subjectivity was strong, and there was a lack of unified standards in each link, which hinders the further development of external treatment of traditional Chinese medicine. Therefore, the standardization of the application of fumigation (bath) agent was the development direction in the future, as well as the inevitable trend of external treatment of traditional Chinese medicine.