基于主成分分析-聚类分析法的不同商品规格白芍饮片中5种成分比较及质量评价研究

Study on Comparison and Quality Evaluation of 5 Kinds of Components in Different Commercial Specifications Herb Pieces of Paeoniae Radix Alba Based on Principal Component Analysis Coupled with Cluster Analysis

关键词:  白芍  等级规格  主成分分析  聚类分析  含量测定

Key words:  Paeoniae Radix Alba  specification and grade  principal component analysis  cluster analysis  content determination

摘要:

目的 建立白芍中5种主要化学成分的HPLC测定方法，综合评价不同等级白芍饮片的质量，为白芍饮片的商品规格等级标准研究提供参考。方法 采用HPLC，SunFire^® C₁₈（4.6 mm×250 mm，5μm）色谱柱，流动相乙腈（A）-0.05%磷酸水溶液（B）梯度洗脱。建立外标法同时测定没食子酸、芍药内酯苷、芍药苷、1，2，3，4，6-五没食子酰葡萄糖（1，2，3，4，6-penta-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose，β-PGG）和苯甲酰芍药苷5种成分含量；采用主成分分析-聚类分析法的模式进行多元统计学分析。结果 一等、二等、三等、统货及鲜切饮片5种规格等级的样品中5种成分平均含量分别为没食子酸1.000 9，1.016 4，0.949 6，1.039 7，0.974 7 mg·g^-1，芍药内酯苷5.000 6，5.336 6，6.124 0，5.449 8，9.922 2 mg·g^-1，芍药苷30.212 9，29.478 3，30.186 7，29.516 6，35.251 1 mg·g^-1，β-PGG 3.250 3，2.498 1，3.704 9，3.736 9，3.710 0 mg·g^-1和苯甲酰芍药苷0.651 8，0.754 7，0.782 0，0.711 3，0.748 9 mg·g^-1。主成分分析结果表明，以鲜切饮片相对较好，其他等级饮片与饮片直径大小未体现较强的正相关性；聚类分析结果表明，判别距离<5时，分为5个大类，11批鲜切饮片单独一类，其他等级交互成4类。结论 该含量测定方法重复性、仪器精密度、回收率表现良好；以该5种成分的含量为指标，基于多元统计分析评价不同等级白芍饮片质量，为白芍饮片的商品规格等级标准研究提供参考。

Abstract:

OBJECTIVE To establish an HPLC method for determination of 5 kinds of chemical constituents in Paeoniae Radix Alba. Comprehensively evaluate the quality of different grades of Radix Paeoniae Alba, and provide a reference for the research on the commercial specification grade standard of Radix Paeoniae Alba. METHODS The HPLC were performed on a SunFire^® C₁₈ column(4.6 mm×250 mm, 5 µm) with the gradient elution of acetonitrile(A)-0.05% phosphoric acid aqueous(B). An external standard method was established for simultaneous determination of 5 chemical components in Radix Paeoniae Alba, including gallic acid, albiflorin, paeoniflorin, 1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose(β-PGG) and benzoylpaeoniflorin. A principal component analysis(PCA)-cluster analysis(CA) model was used for multivariate statistical analysis. RESULTS The average contents of 5 components in 5 grades of Paeoniae Radix Alba slices samples(first-rate-quality product, second-rate-quality product, third-rate-quality product, gradeless and uniformly-priced goods and fresh cut pieces) were as follows: gallic acid(1.000 9, 1.016 4, 0.949 6, 1.039 7, 0.974 7 mg·g^-1), albiflorin(5.000 6, 5.336 6, 6.124 0, 5.449 8, 9.922 2 mg·g^-1), paeoniflorin(30.212 9, 29.478 3, 30.186 7, 29.516 6, 35.251 1 mg·g^-1), β-PGG(3.250 3, 2.498 1, 3.704 9, 3.736 9, 3.710 0 mg·g^-1) and benzoylpaeoniflorin(0.651 8, 0.754 7, 0.782 0, 0.711 3, 0.748 9 mg·g^-1), respectively. The results of PCA showed that the fresh cut pieces were relatively better, but the scores of other grades did not reflect the positive correlation with itself level. The results of CA showed that the samples were divided into 5 categories while the judging distance was<5, and the 11 batches of fresh cut slices were clustered into a single category and other levels interact into 4 categories. CONCLUSION The method has good repeatability, accuracy and recovery. Using the 5 component content as indexes to evaluate the quality of different Paeoniae Radix Alba slices samples based on PCA-CA can provide the reference for the products of standard specifications of commodities of Paeoniae Radix Alba.