国内门诊药房自动化发药系统发展现状及使用效果评价

Evaluation of Development Status and Application Effect of Outpatient Pharmacy Automatic Dispensing System in Mainland China

关键词:  自动化发药系统  智慧药房  信息化建设  门诊流程优化

Key words:  automatic dispensing system  intelligent outpatient pharmacy  information construction  outpatient process optimization

摘要:

目的 了解我国门诊药房自动化发药系统的使用现状和效果，为智慧药房的建设和发展提供参考。方法 以"自动化发药系统""自动发药机"以及"使用""效果评价"等为关键词，检索中国生物医学文献数据库、CNKI、VIP和万方数据库，按照纳入和排除标准，使用PRISMA流程图筛选符合标准的文献，并提取研究数据。结果 共检索到文献1 372篇，经筛选获有效文献196篇；有120家医院至少1位作者介绍了本单位的门诊自动发药系统的建设（装机量121套），或进行了使用效果评价。装机量前3位的品牌为韦乐海茨（Willach Heise）、艾隆（Iron）和欧蜗（Rowa），分别占总量的28.1%，22.3%，9.9%。设备使用可实现40%~70%的整处方自动化发放率，与传统人工模式相比，处方配发效率提高30.0%~50.0%，调配差错率下降32.0%~66.0%，劳动强度下降18.4%~65.5%，明显缩短患者取药时间，优化门诊工作流程，提高满意度；但同时也存在机器故障多，运行不稳定，投入成本大的缺点。结论 门诊自动化发药系统发展迅速，相对传统发药模式有较为明显的优势，但也存在诸多不足。如何优化机器质量控制能力，减少故障发生率，发挥设备的最大优势，还需要不断摸索和持续改进。

Abstract:

OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the current situation and effect of automatic dispensing system in the outpatient pharmacy in China, and to provide reference for developing "smart" pharmacy. METHODS CBM, CNKI, VIP and Wanfang literature databases were searched with the key words of "automatic drug distribution system" "automatic drug distribution machine" combined with "application" "effect evaluation". According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria and PRISM flow diagram, valid literatures were included and analyzed. RESULTS A total of 1 372 studies were retrieved from the database, and 196 studies were finally included into the analysis after screening. At least one author in 120 hospitals introduced the construction of the automatic drug delivery system (121 units installed), or evaluated the user effect. Willach Heise, Iron and Rowa were the top three brands installed, accounting for 28.1%, 22.3% and 9.9% of the total brands, respectively. The overall automated prescription dispensing rate reached 40%-70%. Compared with the traditional manual mode, the dispensary efficiency increased by 30.0%-50.0%, the dispensary error rate decreased by 32.0%-66.0%, and the labor intensity decreased by 18.4%-65.5%, which significantly shortened the time for patients to obtaining medicine, optimized the outpatient service workflow, and improved patients' satisfaction. But at the same time, it also had many disadvantages including unstable operation and large investment cost. CONCLUSION The automatic dispensing system of outpatient service is developing rapidly and has obvious advantages over the traditional dispensing system. But there are also many disadvantages how to optimize quality control ability of automatic drug dispensing machine, reduce the failure rate and maximize the advantages of the equipment still needs to be explored and improved continuously.