纳米药物在声动力抗菌中的研究进展

Research Progress of Nanomedicine in Antibacterial Sonodynamic Therapy

关键词:  纳米药物  声动力  抗菌  活性氧

Key words:  nano drugs  sonodynamic therapy  antibacterial  reactive oxygen species  

摘要:

细菌感染,尤其是多重耐药菌诱发的感染,是威胁全球健康的重要隐患。声动力疗法是一种新兴的抗菌手段,主要利用低频超声波激活声敏感因子(即声敏剂),促使其产生活性氧分子以杀伤细菌。它具有广谱抗菌活性,不易诱发抗性,对多种耐药菌均有效。然而,声敏剂水溶性差,活性氧产量有限,细菌靶向性低等缺陷极大地限制了抗菌声动力疗法的临床应用。纳米技术在改善药物性质、靶向递送、多功能化方面独具优势,将其引入抗菌声动力疗法,可有效克服现有应用限制。鉴于此,本文综述了纳米药物在抗菌声动力疗法中的最新研究进展,并探讨其作用机制和优势,以为后续研究提供参考。

Abstract:

Bacterial infections, especially those induced by multi drug resistant bacteria, are an important danger threatening global health. Sonodynamic therapy is an emerging antibacterial means that mainly utilizes low-frequency ultrasound to activate sonosensitizers, prompting their production of reactive oxygen molecules to kill bacteria. It has broad-spectrum antibacterial activity, does not easily induce resistance, and is effective against many drug-resistant bacteria. However, the poor water solubility, limited production of reactive oxygen species, and poor targeting of bacteria by sonosensitizers have greatly limited the clinical application of antibacterial sonodynamic therapy. Nanotechnology has many advantages in improving drug properties, targeted delivery and versatility, which can be introduced into antibacterial sonodynamic therapy to effectively overcome the existing limitations. In view of this, this article reviews the recent research progress of nanomedicines in antibacterial sonodynamic therapy and explores their mechanisms of action and advantages to provide references for subsequent research.