FLT3型酪氨酸激酶抑制剂在儿童急性髓系白血病中的治疗应用研究

Study on the Therapeutic Application of FLT3 Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors in Pediatric Acute Myeloid Leukemia

关键词:  急性髓系白血病  儿童  FLT3型抑制剂  临床研究

Key words:  Acute myeloid leukemia  children  FLT3 inhibitors  clinical trials

摘要:

目的:探讨急性髓系白血病(AML)在儿童中的特点及FLT3抑制剂的应用。方法:综述FLT3受体酪氨酸激酶在AML发病机制中的作用,分析已批准及在临床试验阶段的FLT3抑制剂的特点和疗效。结果：AML在儿童中发病率低且预后差，FLT3突变与AML的发生和发展密切相关。FLT3型酪氨酸激酶抑制剂作为一类新型的靶向药物，在FLT3突变AML的一线治疗中得到广泛应用。当前已有三种FLT3型抑制剂获得FDA批准用于治疗FLT3突变的AML患者，多个药物正处于临床试验阶段，显示出不同的作用特点和临床反应性。结论：FLT3抑制剂作为新型靶向药物在AML治疗中展现出良好前景，未来研究应进一步评估其在AML患儿上的耐受性及疗效，优化治疗方案，并开发更具针对性的多靶点激酶抑制剂，以期提高患者预后。

Abstract:

OBJECTIVE To explore the characteristics of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in children and the application of FLT3 inhibitors. METHODS This review examines the role of FLT3 receptor tyrosine kinase in the pathogenesis of AML and analyzes the characteristics and efficacy of both approved and investigational FLT3 inhibitors. RESULTS AML has a low incidence and poor prognosis in children, with FLT3 mutations closely associated with its occurrence and progression. FLT3-type tyrosine kinase inhibitors, as a novel class of targeted therapies, have been widely utilized in the first-line treatment of FLT3-mutated AML. Currently, three FLT3 inhibitors have received FDA approval for the treatment of patients with FLT3-mutated AML, and several others are in clinical trial phases, demonstrating varying mechanisms of action and clinical responsiveness. CONCLUSION FLT3 inhibitors exhibit promising prospects as new targeted therapies in the treatment of AML. Future research should further evaluate their tolerability and effic