骨形态发生蛋白在高血压中的研究进展：机制、临床意义及治疗潜力

Research Progress on BMP in Hypertension: Mechanisms, Clinical Implications, and Therapeutic Potential

关键词:  骨形态发生蛋白（BMP），高血压，肺动脉高压，BMPR2，信号通路，治疗策略

Key words:  Bone Morphogenetic Protein (BMP)  Hypertension  Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension  BMPR2  Signaling Pathway  Therapeutic Strategies

摘要:

骨形态发生蛋白(Bone Morphogenetic Protein,BMP)作为转化生长因子-β(TGF-β)超家族的重要成员,在血管发育、重塑以及功能调控过程中发挥着关键作用。近年来,越来越多的证据表明,BMP信号通路在心血管系统的稳态维持中扮演着复杂而关键的角色,其功能异常与高血压(Hypertension)尤其是肺动脉高压(Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension,PAH)的发病机制密切相关。BMP信号失衡被视作高血压发生发展的关键驱动因素,主要体现为BMP受体2(BMPR2)表达降低、信号通路受抑制,以及其与Wnt、TGF-β等通路之间的交互作用。本文全面综述了BMP在高血压中的分子机制、临床生物标志物价值、相关动物模型研究以及基于BMP信号的治疗策略,旨在为高血压的诊断与治疗提供理论依据和研究方向。

Abstract:

Bone Morphogenetic Protein (BMP), a key member of the transforming growth factor-β(TGF-β) superfamily, plays a critical role in vascular development, remodeling, and functional regulation. Accumulating evidence in recent years highlights the complex and pivotal role of the BMP signaling pathway in maintaining cardiovascular homeostasis. Dysregulation of BMP signaling is closely associated with the pathogenesis of hypertension, particularly pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). This dysregulation, characterized by reduced expression of BMP receptor type II (BMPR2), inhibition of downstream signaling, and crosstalk with other pathways such as Wnt and TGF-β, is considered a key driver in the development and progression of hypertension. This review comprehensively summarizes the molecular mechanisms of BMP in hypertension, its value as a clinical biomarker, insights from relevant animal model studies, and emerging therapeutic strategies targeting the BMP pathway, aiming to provide a theoretical foundation and future research directions for the diagnosis and treatment of hypertension.