藏药叠裂黄堇在青海高寒生境下的表型分化与生态策略形成

Phenotypic Differentiation and Ecological Strategy Formation of Tibetan Medicine Corydalis dasyptera Under Alpine Habitats in Qinghai Province

关键词:  叠裂黄堇  生境过滤  表型可塑性  生态策略  高寒生态系统  藏药

Key words:  Corydalis dasyptera  habitat filtering  phenotypic plasticity  ecological strategy  alpine ecosystem  Tibetan medicine

摘要:

目的：为揭示高寒藏药植物叠裂黄堇（Corydalis dasyptera）在多生境下的表型分异机制与生态适应策略，在青海省7个州市的4类典型高寒生境（高寒草甸、流石滩、阴坡、高山灌丛）中布设34个样方。 方法：系统测定植株高度、盖度、密度等种群参数，并整合单因素方差分析、主成分分析、贝叶斯线性混合模型及广义加性模型进行解析。 结果：结果显示：（1）生境类型对植株高度具有显著调控作用，整体种群表现为低矮、中等盖度与较低密度；（2）主成分分析提取“生长活力梯度”与“环境胁迫梯度”，累计解释率达82.5%，不同生境在生态空间中呈现显著分异，阴坡支持竞争型策略，高山灌丛与流石滩趋向胁迫耐受型；（3）海拔对生长指标的影响呈非线性，LOESS回归表明植株高度在4000m以上显著下降，密度呈单峰分布；（4）贝叶斯模型进一步验证生境类型为关键影响因子，阴坡具显著正效应，后验均值=3.69，95%CI[0.19,6.98]；（5）性状间存在极显著协同关联，形成“优质生境-高密度-大个体”功能模块；（6）流石滩种群表型可塑性较高，体现其对异质微环境的适应潜力。 结论：研究构建叠裂黄堇从竞争型至胁迫耐受型的生态策略连续谱，能够为高寒植物功能生态学与藏药资源可持续管理提供理论依据。

Abstract:

Objectives: To reveal the mechanisms of phenotypic differentiation and ecological adaptation strategies of the alpine Tibetan medicinal plant Corydalis dasyptera across multiple habitats, 34 sample plots were established across 4 types of typical alpine habitats (alpine meadow, screes, shady slopes, and alpine shrubs) in 7 prefectures/cities of Qinghai Province. Methods: Population parameters such as plant height, coverage, and density were systematically measured, and the data were analyzed by integrating one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), principal component analysis (PCA), Bayesian linear mixed models, and generalized additive models (GAMs). Results: The results showed that: (1) Habitat type had a significant regulatory effect on plant height, and the overall population exhibited characteristics of short stature, moderate coverage, and low density. (2) PCA extracted two key gradients: the "growth vitality gradient" and the "environmental stress gradient", with a cumulative explanatory rate of 82.5%. Significant differentiation was observed in the ecological space among different habitats: shady slopes favored a competitive strategy, while alpine shrubs and screes tended toward a stress-tolerant strategy. (3) The effect of altitude on growth indicators was non-linear. LOESS regression indicated that plant height decreased significantly at altitudes above 4000 m, and population density showed a unimodal distribution. (4) Bayesian models further verified that habitat type was a key influencing factor, with shady slopes exerting a significant positive effect (posterior mean = 3.69, 95% confidence interval [0.19, 6.98]). (5) There were extremely significant synergistic correlations among traits, forming a functional module of "high-quality habitat - high density - large individual size". (6) Populations in screes exhibited high phenotypic plasticity, reflecting their adaptive potential to heterogeneous microenvironments. Conclusions: This study constructs a continuous spectrum of ecological strategies of Corydalis dasyptera from competitive to stress-tolerant, providing a theoretical basis for functional ecology of alpine plants and sustainable management of Tibetan medicinal resources.