基于古今文献考证的藏药经典名方三果汤化学、药理及现代临床应用研究进展

A Textual Research Based on Ancient and Modern Literature: The Chemical, Pharmacological, and Modern Clinical Advances of Tibetan Classic Formula Triphala

关键词:  三果汤  文献考证  化学成分  药理作用  临床应用

Key words:  triphala  textual research  chemical constituents  pharmacological effects  clinical application

摘要:

藏药三果汤是藏医学经典《四部医典》中记载的核心基础复方,由诃子、毛诃子、余甘子三味药组成,具有清热、调和气血、分利精浊之功效,传统主治“瘟疫、紊乱热症、促使热症成型”等症。本文系统梳理该方的古今文献、化学成分、药理作用与临床应用,发现藏医历代典籍对其功效认识一致,均用于治疗各类“热症”与“三因症”。现代研究表明,三果汤主要含没食子酸、鞣花酸、诃子酸、柯里拉京、槲皮素、芦丁、阿江榄仁素等化学成分,具有抗炎、抗氧化、防治高原红细胞增多症、抗肿瘤、降血糖、降血脂、保肝及胃肠保护等多重药理活性。临床应用中,该方已拓展用于高原红细胞增多症、口腔疾病、胃肠道疾病、肥胖及高脂血症等多系统疾病的治疗。本文基于古今文献考证与现代研究证据,系统整合三果汤的研究进展,以期为该经典复方的深入开发与临床合理应用提供参考。

Abstract:

Triphala, a fundamental formula in Tibetan medicine recorded in the Four Medical Tantras, consists of three medicinal fruits: Terminalia chebula, Terminalia bellirica, and Phyllanthus emblica. It is traditionally used to clear heat, regulate qi and blood, and separate the clear from the turbid, mainly indicated for “pestilence, chaotic heat disorders, and promoting the formation of heat syndrome.” This review systematically examines ancient and modern literature on Triphala regarding its chemical composition, pharmacological effects, and clinical applications. It reveals consistent recognition of its efficacy across historical Tibetan medical texts, where it has been applied to treat various “heat syndromes” and “three-humor disorders.” Modern studies show that Triphala contains chemical components such as gallic acid, ellagic acid, chebulagic acid, corilagin, quercetin, rutin, and arjungenin, and exhibits multiple pharmacological activities including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, prevention and treatment of high-altitude polycythemia, antitumor, hypoglycemic, lipid-lowering, hepatoprotective, and gastrointestinal protective effects. In clinical practice, its application has expanded to systemic disorders such as high-altitude polycythemia, oral diseases, gastrointestinal disorders, obesity, and hyperlipidemia. Based on textual research of ancient and modern literature and contemporary scientific evidence, this review systematically integrates research progress on Triphala to provide a reference for further development and rational clinical application of this classical formula.