三江源核心区藏药资源调查与分析—以玉树州囊谦、称多、杂多、治多四县为例

Investigation and Analysis of Tibetan Medicine Resources in the Core Area of Sanjiangyuan—Taking Nangqian, Chengduo, Zaduo, and Zhiduo Counties of Yushu Prefecture as Examples

关键词:  三江源核心区  藏药资源  资源调查  藏药保护

Key words:  anjiangyuan core Area  tibetan medicine resources  Resource Survey  Tibetan Medicine Conservation

摘要:

目的：摸清三江源国家级自然保护区核心区藏药资源种类、分布、资源量与濒危状况，为藏药资源保护与可持续利用提供科学依据。方法：以第四次《全国中药资源普查技术规范》为指导，采用样方与样线相结合的方法，对玉树州囊谦县、称多县、杂多县、治多县的164个样地进行实地调查，统计分析藏药基原植物的物种组成、生活型、入药部位、重点藏药资源等信息。结果：共调查到藏药基原植物299种，隶属57科157属，被子植物占物种总数的97.33%；物种数量占比最高的科为菊科、毛茛科，占物种总数的24.75%；生活型以草本为主，占物种总数的85.62%；入药部位以全草类最多，占物种总数的58.53%；重点藏药16种，均收载于《中国药典》2020年版；国家重点保护野生植物有7种。结论：该研究初步了解了三江源自然保护区核心区域藏药药用植物资源特征，为藏药药用植物资源保护、合理利用及高质量可持续发展提供了参考依据。

Abstract:

ABSTRACT: OBJECTIVE To understand the species, distribution, resource quantity, and endangered status of medicinal plants in the core area of Sanjiangyuan National Nature Reserve, providing a scientific basis for the conservation and sustainable use of Tibetan medicinal resources. METHODS: Guided by the fourth edition of the “Technical Specifications for the National Chinese Medicinal Resources Survey,” a combination of quadrat and transect methods was used to conduct field surveys at 164 sampling sites in Nangqian County, Chengduo County, Zaduo County, and Zhiduo County of Yushu Prefecture. The species composition, life forms, medicinal parts, and key Tibetan medicinal resources of the original medicinal plants were statistically analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 299 original medicinal plant species were recorded, belonging to 57 families and 157 genera, with angiosperms accounting for 97.33% of the total species. The families with the highest species proportions were Asteraceae and Ranunculaceae, accounting for 24.75% of the total species. The predominant life form was herbaceous, accounting for 85.62% of the total species. The most commonly used medicinal parts were the whole plant, accounting for 58.53% of the total species. Sixteen key Tibetan medicines were identified, all included in the 2020 edition of the “Chinese Pharmacopoeia.” Seven species are nationally protected wild plants. CONCLUSION: This study preliminarily clarified the characteristics of Tibetan medicinal plants in the core area of the Sanjiangyuan Nature Reserve, providing a reference for the conservation, rational use, and high-quality sustainable development of Tibetan medicinal plant resources.