临床肿瘤治疗药物相关基因的研究进展

Research Development of Drug-related Genes on Clinical Oncology Treatment

关键词:  肿瘤  药物遗传学  突变  多态性  个体化治疗

Key words:  cancer  pharmacogenetics  variation  polymorphism  individualized therapy

摘要:

肿瘤化学药物治疗已经在临床上得以广泛应用，但患者对各类治疗药物的敏感性和不良反应存在明显个体差异，药物相关基因指导下的临床肿瘤药物的个体化治疗是肿瘤治疗最重要的发展方向之一。本文主要介绍了5个与临床抗肿瘤药物疗效及毒性相关的基因：二氢嘧啶脱氢酶(DPD)基因突变与5-氟尿嘧啶(5-Fu)的毒性反应；表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)突变与非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)中吉非替尼、特罗凯的疗效；核苷酸切除修复酶1(ERCC1)基因多态性与铂类化合物疗效；UDP葡萄糖醛酸转移酶1A1(UGT1A1)的遗传变异与羟基喜树碱的毒性反应；胸腺酸合成酶(TS)基因多态性与5-Fu的敏感性，探讨如何预测肿瘤治疗药物的敏感性及不良反应，以指导临床个体化用药。

Abstract:

Cancer chemotherapy have successfully applied on oncology. During caner chemotherapy, different reactions have been observed in both the response and toxicity associted with large individual related gene variations. Individual therapy under the guidance of anti-tumor agents related genes is one of the most promising directions for clinical cancer treatment. This review introducing five genes associated with the response and toxicity of cancer chemotherapy provides an overview of the progress made in the field of genetics in cancer agents: ①DPD gene mutations and severe 5-Fu toxicity; ②EGFR gene mutations and responsiveness of NSCLC to Gefitinib and Erlotinib; ③ERCC1 polymorphisms and activity of cisplatin; ④UGT1A1 genetic variation and hydroxycamptothecine toxicity and ⑤TS gene polymorphisms and 5-FU sensitivity, to explore ways to predict response and adverse reactions and guide clinical personalized treatment of anti-tumor agents.